Question of the Day #437

"From the on-the-nose 'Firefly' branding on the energy weapon ammo to the fact that your junky transport’s young naive engineer lady talks pretty much exactly like Kaylee, it’s layered on thick in a way I appreciated."
From the second paragraph of this article at IGN.

上記の文で、on-the-noseの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "on-the-nose" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 鼻の上に
2. 時間どおりに
3. 〔数量・金額が〕正確に
4. 〔主張などが〕正しくて

問題文の答えは、4番です。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

Precisely accurate; exactly right.

At the exact time specified.

Representing someone or something with indelicate or awkward directness; lacking subtlety or nuance.

Examples

• Her description of the play was right on the nose.
• Her predictions about the company's collapse were right on the nose.
• The busload of students arrived at the museum at ten o'clock right on the nose.
• He guessed the final score on the nose.
• I bet twenty pounds on the nose on that horse.

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Question of the Day #436

"'Love Coach Ash, everything he’s done for me, he changed my life. He’s done a lot for me, I have a heavy heart for Coach Ash and wish him all the best in his future endeavors.'"
From the fourth article of this article at App.com.

上記の文で、have a heavy heartの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "have a heavy heart" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎には、have a heavy heartはありませんが、意味の近いwith a heavy heartの意味は下記のようです。


重い［重苦しい・沈んだ・落ち込んだ］気分［気持ち］で、悄然として

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

To have a dejected or miserable attitude or disposition; to be in a depressed or grievous state.

Examples

• I've had a terribly heavy heart since my dog passed away.
• I have a heavy heart leaving home, but hopefully, this move is for the best.
• I have a heavy heart since my Grandmother passed away; she was so close to me.
• I have a heavy heart that the 70 sailors aboard were killed

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Question of the Day #435

"‘Sighs and Gasps’: US Ambassador’s Testimony Called ‘A Sea Change’ and ‘Incredibly Damaging’ to Trump"
From the headline of this article at the New Civil Rights Movement.

上記の文で、sea changeの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "sea change" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 〈古〉海の作用による変化
2. 〔良い方への〕大転換、180度の転換、著しい変化、大変貌、大変化、完全な様変わり

問題の見出しの意味はは、2番になりますが、必ずしも「良い方への」の変化とは限りません。

また、もっと英語に近い日本語として、「潮流の変化」があります。

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

1. archaic: a change brought about by the sea
2. a marked change : TRANSFORMATION

Etymology/語源

Merriam-Websterによると、

ShakespeareのThe Tempestにおいては、a sea-changeとは、海がもたらした変化になります。"Full fathom five thy father lies ... / Nothing of him that doth fade / But doth suffer a sea-change."これが、本来の意味ですが、今では古語になっています。

According to Merriam-Webster:

In Shakespeare's The Tempest, a sea-change is a change brought about by sea: Full fathom five thy father lies ... / Nothing of him that doth fade / But doth suffer a sea-change. This meaning is the original one, but it's now archaic. 

Examples

• Ultimately, it’s evidence of a sea change that was bound to happen: the blurring of the divide separating electronic dance music, trap and mainstream country. — Giovanni Russonello, New York Times, "Afropunk and 8 Other Outdoor Concerts to Put on the Calendar," 22 Aug. 2019
• There’s still significant debate among population researchers about the extent of the sea change in population trends. — Kelsey Piper, Vox, "We’ve worried about overpopulation for centuries. And we’ve always been wrong.," 20 Aug. 2019
• There will have to be a sea change in people's attitudes if public transport is ever to replace the private car.
• Despite the hard work of women like Fonda, Archer said, there had been no sea-change in attitudes within the industry. ANNE ARCHER: WOMEN IN HOLLYWOOD ARE DOOMED FOREVER|NICO HINES|AUGUST 19, 2014|DAILY BEAST
• All the same, it's suffered a sea-change under your accomplished hands, Langley. A YOUNG MAN'S YEAR|ANTHONY HOPE

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Question of the Day #434

"And often when a story doesn’t reach the threshold of various forms of newsworthiness or informativeness or it doesn’t seem like something that I can do justice to, then I don’t do the story."
From the third paragraph of this article at Intelligencer.

上記の文で、do justice toの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "do justice to" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. ～に正当な取り扱いをする、～を公平に評価する、～の良さ［持ち前］を十分に発揮させる、（人）を実物どおりに表す、～の本当の価値を認める
2. ～を堪能する、～を十分に食べる、～を満喫する

言うまでもなく、問題文の意味は前者です。

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

to treat or show (something or someone) in a way that is as good as it should be

Examples

• Words could never do justice to her beauty.
• The movie does not do justice to the book.
• a brief summary that does not do justice to the complexity of this issue
• Your plan is excellent - it really does justice to all of the ideas we put forward.
• To do justice to her beauty, you should photograph her in nature; not in a studio.

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Question of the Day #433

"Trump has described the payments his bag man, Michael Cohen, made to two women during the 2016 campaign so they wouldn’t discuss their alleged affairs with him, as 'a simple private transaction'. "
From the first paragraph of this article at The Guardian.

上記の文で、bag manの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "bag man" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
Weblioによると、


外交員、出張販売人、(不正の金をゆすったり配ったりする)仲介人

問題文の場合は、当然最後の意味です。他の日本語を使えば、「取り立て屋」でもいいかと思います。
また、bagmanやbag-manとも書きます。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary :

 Slang A person who collects money, as for racketeers.

There are different meanings for the term in Great Britain and Canada so check the link above if you are interested in them.

Examples

• "D—— the luck," says Brown the bagman, who has been backing his lordship with five-franc pieces. THE NEWCOMES|WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY
• Roberts served as Ike’s financial adviser and executor, and, after Roberts helped arrange his run for President, as his bagman. — Nick Paumgarten, The New Yorker, "Inside the Cultish Dreamworld of Augusta National," 14 June 2019
• Whatever the answer, Zinke has become a bagman for an administration that wants to cut the program’s funding to a historic low. — Elliott D. Woods, Outside Online, "Ryan Zinke Is Sabotaging Our Best Public Lands Program," 6 June 2018
• Chris Mack has emphatically denied any tie to Miller or Christian Dawkins, the associate-slash- bagman. — Paul Daugherty, Cincinnati.com, "Paul Daugherty: Xavier collateral damage in FBI's NCAA basketball probe," 23 Feb. 2018
• And there was this friendly guy who could only be called his bagman. — Charles P. Pierce, Esquire, "Where Is the Integrity?," 13 Sep. 2017

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Question of the Day #432

"So, can you really see the Swedish capital on a shoestring budget, or is holidaying here guaranteed to leave you wincing at restaurant bills and cursing the exchange rate?"
From the second paragraph of this article at Independent.ie.

上記の文で、shoestring budgetの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "shoestring budget" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


《a ～》わずかの［乏しい］予算

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

A budget or allotment of resources that is very meager, sparse, or just enough to suit its purpose.

Etymology/語源

Grammarist によると、

On a shoestringとshoestring budgetは、1800年代の終わりにアメリカで生まれたイディオムです。

According to Grammarist :

The idioms on a shoestring and shoestring budget were coined in America during the late 1800s. 

Examples

• Unfortunately, due to government cutbacks following the recession, our department has had to produce the same levels of work on a shoestring budget.
• I did all sorts of traveling with just a shoestring budget when I was in college. You learn very quickly how to make the most of what you have!
• "They operate on a shoestring budget, drawn largely from their personal savings." Times, Sunday Times (2018)
• It was said that it was being launched on a shoestring budget—but look at it now.
• Many of such agencies operate on a shoestring budget and have limited facilities, nevertheless they perform a vital function.

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Question of the Day #431

"Commentary: Conservatism Under Fire on Campus"
From the headline of this article at Texas Scorecard.

上記の文で、under fireの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "under fire" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


砲火を浴びて、攻撃の的になって、攻撃［批判・非難］を受けて、やり玉に上げられて

Answer

According to Cambridge Dictionary:

being attacked with guns or with severe criticism

Examples

• The troops were under fire for weeks.
• The president has come under fire for vetoing the bill to cut taxes.
• There was a scandal in city hall, and the mayor was forced to resign under fire. John is a good lawyer because he can think under fire.
• The company came under fire after allegations surfaced that the CEO had misappropriated funds.
• You will definitely come under fire if they find out that you were responsible for the printing error.

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Question of the Day #430

"Brute force and dictionary attacks: A cheat sheet "
From the headline of this article at TechRepublic.com.

上記の文で、brute force attack の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "brute force attack" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


《a ～》《コ》〔パスワードや暗号を破るための〕総当たり攻撃

Brute forceとは、「暴力、ばか力、力ずく」。したがって、brute force attackを直訳すれば、「力ずく攻撃」ということになります。また、問題の見出しにあるdictionary attackは、brute force attackのひとつで、辞書にある全ての単語を使用することからこのような名称になりました。
下記英語の定義を参照してください。

なお、英辞郎ではhyphenを入れてますが、実際の記事等を見るとほとんど使用してません。

Answer

According to Technopedia:

A brute force attack is a trial-and-error method used to obtain information such as a user password or personal identification number (PIN). In a brute force attack, automated software is used to generate a large number of consecutive guesses as to the value of the desired data.

One example of a type of brute force attack is known as a dictionary attack, which might try all the words in a dictionary. Other forms of brute force attack might try commonly-used passwords or combinations of letters and numbers.

An attack of this nature can be time- and resource-consuming. Hence the name "brute force attack;" success is usually based on computing power and the number of combinations tried rather than an ingenious algorithm.

Examples

• A brute force attack, also known as an exhaustive search, is a cryptographic hack that relies on guessing possible combinations of a targeted password until the correct password is discovered.
• In this post, we explore brute force attacks in more detail, including some examples, and then reveal how you can protect against them.
• Brute force attacks are often referred to as brute force cracking. Indeed, brute force — in this case computational power — is used to try to crack a code. 
• Brute-force attacks can also be used to discover hidden pages and content in a web application.

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Question of the Day #429

"This involves the distribution of a harmless email spoof to employees, usually engineered by IT within the organization."
From the third paragraph of this article at TechTarget.com.

上記の文で、email spoofの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "email spoof" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎には、email spoofは掲載されていませんが、同じ意味のspoofed emailは下記のような訳になります、


なりすましメール

Email spoofやspoofed emailの他に、email spoofingとも言います。

Answer

According to PC Magazine Enyclopedia:

email spoofing
The unauthorized use of a third-party domain name as the sender's name in an email message. Most often used by spammers, spoofing the name of a popular retailer or organization entices the recipient to read the full message.

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Question of the Day #428

"Facebook’s head honcho Mark Zuckerberg recently likened TikTok to 'almost like the Explore Tab that we have on Instagram' suggesting perhaps that the growing craze for this mobile social media video app is more hype than substance."
From the first paragraph of this article at Techtree.com.

上記の文で、head honchoの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "head honcho" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


〔組織内の〕トップ、主任、一番偉い人

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

 the person with the most authority

Etymology/語源

英辞郎によると、

日本語の「班長」から

さらに、下記Merriam-Websterの説明によると、

戦後の米進駐軍の名残。具体的にどのように英語になったかは不明であるが、1950年代半ばから米軍の俗語になっていた。1960年代には、一般的な米語の俗語となった。

According to Merriam-Webster:

A relic of the large US presence in Japan in the years following World War II, the word honcho comes from the Japanese word hanchō meaning “leader of the squad, section, group.” We are uncertain of the exact route by which honcho found its way into American military argot in the mid-1950s, though it is known that the Japanese applied hanchō to British or Australian officers in charge of work parties in prisoner-of-war camps. By the 1960s, the word had become part of colloquial American jargon.

Examples

• he's definitely the head honcho in that company
• ‘the company's head honcho in the US’
• Who's the head honcho of this office?

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Question of the Day #427

"Foreign leaders attempt to placate one another by going through the motions all the time, and for Trump’s political purposes, any report of an investigation would put a cloud of suspicion over Biden."
From the seventh paragraph of this article at National Review.

上記の文で、cloud of suspicionの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "cloud of suspicion" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
英辞郎には、このイディオムそのものは掲載されていないが、これを含む例文があるので、それから訳は下記のようになります。


1. 疑惑の渦中
2. モヤモヤした空気

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

A general sentiment of suspicion of wrongdoing or illegality.

Examples

• There's a cloud of suspicion in work after it came to light that someone has been stealing from the cash registers.
• A cloud of suspicion and fear has been created in the community.
• Where would the world end up if a cloud of suspicion were to hang over such judgments in future?
• I am told that at all levels they find themselves under a cloud of suspicion.
• They do not want the slightest cloud of suspicion to sully that pristine position.

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Question of the Day #426

"Likud may long rue the day it turned on the Arab electorate, just as the left still laments its mistreatment of Mizrahim...."
From the first paragraph of this article at The Times of Israel.

上記の文で、rue the dayの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "rue the day" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


〔過去の出来事について〕悔やむ、後悔する

Answer

According to Cambridge Dictionary:

to feel very sorry about an event

Examples

• She'll rue the day (that) she bought that house.
• You'll live to rue the day you said that to me, my girl.
• That no-good, lying cheat! I'll make sure he rues the day he crossed me, if it's the last thing I do!
• Your dad must be ruing the day he agreed to buy you a car if you got an A in all your classes.
• Men, if their soldiers advance upon us, we must ensure that they will rue the day!

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