From the headline of this article at The Hill.
上記の文で、earmarkの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "earmark" mean?
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Write your answer in the Comments.
明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.
解答
意味：英辞郎の訳のに適当な名詞形がないけれど、他動詞の訳に中に、
〔費用・金などを〕～のために取っておく、～に割り当てるがあって、さらに下記Merriam-Websterの定義にあるように、特定の企画や組織等の「割り当て金」ということになります。
Answer
According to Merriam-Webster:a provision in Congressional legislation that allocates a specified amount of money for a specific project, program, or organization
Etymology/語源
Online Etymology Dictionaryによると、15世紀中頃から。当初は、所有者の印として羊、牛等の家畜の耳に入れた切り込みや印から。
According to Online Etymology Dictionary:
mid-15c., from ear (n.1) + mark (n.1). Originally a cut or mark in the ear of sheep and cattle, serving as a sign of ownership
Examples
- Topics included firearms, food stamps, Medicare, tariffs on foreign steel, earmarks, differences with Brown and differences with President Donald Trump, himself a Republican. — Stephen Koff, cleveland.com, "These Republicans want to send Sen. Sherrod Brown packing. Read how they answer our questions," 22 Mar. 2018
- Flake, a fellow crusader against congressional earmarks, helped sell McCain's anti-pork record to the state's voters. — Dan Nowicki, azcentral, "Jeff Flake blasts Trump, stokes presidential-campaign speculation with N.H. speech," 16 Mar. 2018
- Before the practice was banned in 2010, Cochran had a long history of steering federal money for special projects, or earmarks, to Mississippi, one of the nation's poorest states. — Deborah Barfield Berry, USA TODAY, "Mississippi Republican Sen. Thad Cochran announces he will retire April 1, citing health issues," 5 Mar. 2018
- Earmarks often result in the expenditure of large sums of taxpayer money to help a limited number of people.
- A senator obtained an earmark of $1.5 million last year to deal with a beetle that attacks trees, lawns, and crops.
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