Question of the Day #285

"'Enough is enough': Barack Obama rallies California Democrats"
From the headline of this article at The Guardian.

上記の文で、rallyの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "rally" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


〔元気を〕取り戻す、回復させる、～を元気づける

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

to arouse for action

Etymology/語源

によると、

「急いで集める、秩序を回復する、復活させる、奮起する」の自動詞の意味は1660年代から。

According to :

Intransitive meaning "pull together hastily, recover order, revive, rouse" is from 1660s. 

Examples

• And also a great place to build, to rally support, and to connect. — refinery29.com, "Half A Million People Went To Essence Festival — & These 25 Looks Stood Out," 10 July 2018
• Despite a three-day, last-ditch effort to rally support, the Safer Arizona Cannabis Legalization Act did not obtain enough signatures to qualify for the ballot. — Richard Ruelas, azcentral, "Clean energy, taxes and anti-dirty money proposals submitted for November ballot," 5 July 2018
• ‘a series of meetings to rally support for the union’
• Supporters/Opponents of the new shopping development are trying to rally local people in favour of/against it.
• The president has called on the people to rally to/behind the government.

Question of the Day #284

"Lady Gaga Opens Up About A Star Is Born, MeToo, and a Decade in Pop"
From the headline of this article at Vogue.

上記の文で、open upの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "open up" mean?

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Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎には、色々な訳があるけれど、


（人）の心を開かせる、心を開く、心を打ち明ける、打ち解ける、口を割る、隠さず話す、〔秘密を〕打ち明ける、遠慮なく話しだす、自由にしゃべりだす、ほえ始める

が間違いなく適訳でしょう。

Answer

According to Cambridge Dictionary:

to start to talk more about yourself and your feelings

Examples

• I've never opened up to anyone like I do to you.
• His mother only opened up about her experiences when her children were adults. — Emanuella Grinberg, Smithsonian, "When a Bavarian Monastery Provided a Home to Jewish Refugees," 11 July 2018
• On a recent appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Joanne opened up about their enduring love story, and the special significance of the number 143. — Meghan Overdeep, Southern Living, "Mr. Rogers’ Wife Share’s the Couple’s One-Of-A-Kind Love Story," 9 July 2018
• It’s taken a few months, but Katy is finally starting to openup to me.
• At last the witness opened up and told what happened.

Question of the Day #283

"NAOMI Osaka’s US Open breakdown wasn’t about what Serena Williams stole from her. It was about what she took herself."
From the subtitle of this article at news.com.au.

上記の文で、breakdown の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "breakdown" mean?

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Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると一番良さそうな訳は、


〔心身の〕衰弱、〔健康状態の〕破綻

だと思いますが、そこまでひどい状態ではないと思うので、「泣き崩れた」「泣きだした」ぐらいでいいのではないでしょうか。

Answer

According to Oxford Dictionaries:

A sudden collapse in someone's mental health.

Other dictionaries have similar definitions, but I think that's a little too strong in this case.

Etymology/語源

Dictionary. comによると、

初めて記録されたのが、1825-35年ごろ。動詞句break downの名詞形。

According to Dictionary. com:

First recorded in 1825–35; noun use of verb phrase break down

Examples

• Did giving her the attention in the first place contribute to the breakdown?
• ‘Heather had a breakdown following the death of her sister’
• He suffered a breakdown after his wife died.
• Obviously we were under a lot of stress. And I basically had a breakdown.
• They often seem depressed and close to emotional breakdown.

Question of the Day #282

"Naomi Osaka’s Breakthrough Game"
From the headline of this article at The New York Times Magazine.

上記の文で、breakthroughの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "breakthrough" mean?

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Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、名詞形には下記の意味がある。


1. ブレイクスルー、〔行き詰まりの〕突破、突破口、打開、突破作戦
2. 〔科学技術などの〕飛躍的進歩［前進］、躍進、急進展、大発見、飛躍的な発明、解明
3. 《be a ～》新生面を開く
4. 〔計画などの〕成功

また、形容詞としては、



〔技術などが〕画期的な、突破口となる

の意味がある。



全体的には、意味としてポジティブなものばかりなので自分がいいと思う意訳でいいのではないかと思います。個人的には、「大坂なおみの飛躍的に進歩したテニス」ぐらいがいいのではないかと思います。

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

1. an act or instance of moving through or beyond an obstacle: a breakthrough in the talks between the region's leaders; a breakthrough agreement
2. a sudden advance especially in knowledge or technique: a medical breakthrough
3. a person's first notable success: a breakthrough novel; the actress's breakthrough performance

Etymology/語源

Online Etymology Dictionaryによると、

「突然の解決や進歩」の意味は、1930年代から。

According to Online Etymology Dictionary:

Meaning "abrupt solution or progress" is from 1930s, on the notion of a successful attack.

Examples

• It was a breakthrough album for the band.
• The emphasis is on developing breakthrough technology that will lead to new business.
• engineered with breakthrough technology
• Critics called it a breakthrough film.
• Damon is a well-known and respected actor, writer and producer who made an initial splash in Hollywood with his breakthrough portrayal of Will Hunting in the movie Good Will Hunting, which he also co-wrote.

Question of the Day #281

"The U.S. Is Sidelining Itself in the Middle East"
From the headline of this article at .

上記の文で、sidelineの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "sideline" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


～を脇に追いやる、～を主役から外す、～を二の次にする

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

to put out of action: put on the sidelines

Etymology/語源

Online Etymology Dictionaryによると、

「競技からはずす」の意味の動詞系は、1945年から。

According to Online Etymology Dictionary:

The verb meaning "put out of play" is from 1945. 

Examples

• But with those players sidelined by injury, Broxton has made the most of his first week with the big-league team in 2018. — Jr Radcliffe, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Let's enjoy all three times that Keon Broxton has basically saved a game with a homer-saving catch," 5 July 2018
• Mets captain David Wright, sidelined by injuries for more than two years, said players stood and gave Alderson a round of applause. — Mike Fitzpatrick, Houston Chronicle, "Mets GM Sandy Alderson steps down after cancer returns," 27 June 2018
• He was sidelined after criticizing the policy.
• ‘backbench MPs have been sidelined and excluded from decision-making’
• What they fear is that environment policy will be sidelined until it is too late.

Question of the Day #280

"'Everybody should take this seriously': Gulf Coast braces for looming storm forecast to become hurricane"
From the headline of this article at ABC News.

上記の文で、brace の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "brace" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


身構える、準備をする

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

to get ready (as for an attack)

Etymology/語源

Online Etymology Dictionaryによると、

「緊張させる、または緊張することによって固めるか安定させる」の意味は15世紀中頃から。

According to Online Etymology Dictionary:

Meaning "make tense, render firm or steady by tensing" is mid-15c.

Examples

• Relations with Europe are at their lowest ebb in decades as allies brace for another acrimonious encounter with the president who last month harshly criticized them at the Group of Seven economic summit in Canada.
—
Missy Ryan And Greg Jaffe, Washington Post, "Trump’s combative words on NATO put Mattis in an increasingly tough spot," 9 July 2018
• If the two sides start talking openly about war, oil prices could skyrocket as investors brace for continued instability — or far, far worse — in the region that produces much of the world’s oil.
—
Zeeshan Aleem, Vox, "Why you’ll pay more for gas this Memorial Day weekend," 25 May 2018
• ‘both stations are bracing themselves for job losses’
• The passengers were told to brace themselves (= to press their bodies hard against something or hold them very stiff) for a crash landing.
• She told me she had some bad news for me and I braced myself for a shock.

Question of the Day #279

"Federal court strikes down North Carolina congressional map"
From the headline of this article at Axios.

上記の文で、strike downの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "strike down" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 打ち倒す
2. 〔病気が人を〕襲う
3. 〔裁判所などが〕～を無効にする

とあるが、言うまでもなく例文の場合は3です。

Answer

According to :

annul, nullify；especially: to declare (a law) illegal and unenforceable

Examples

• the board struck down the appointment
• the Supreme Court struck down the law
• a law that was later struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court as unconstitutional
• The Supreme Court today struck down a law that prevents criminals from profiting from books or movies about their crimes.
•  The board of directors struck down our proposal for a new business based in Canada.