Question of the Day #1143

WHO declares mpox global health emergency

From the headline of this article at the BBC.

  上記の文で、mpoxの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "mpox" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

《病理》エムポックス◆ポックスウイルス科オルソポックスウイルス属のエムポックス（サル痘）ウイルスによる感染症。アフリカに生息するリス、ウサギ、サルなどのウイルス保有動物との接触によってヒトに感染する。実験動物のサルから初めて発見されたことから「サル痘」と名付けられたが、2022年11月に世界保健機関(WHO)は、ネガティブなイメージによる偏見を避けるため、monkeypoxからmpoxに変更することを推奨した。これに伴い、日本の厚生労働省は2023年2月17日、「サル痘」の新名称を「エムポックス」にする方針を決めた。

   

Answer

According to the World Health Organization (WHO):

Mpox (monkeypox) is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It can cause a painful rash, enlarged lymph nodes and fever. Most people fully recover, but some get very sick.

  The reason for the name change from monkeypox is described by NPR  

Monkeypox disease now has a new name: mpox. The World Health Organization announced the long-awaited change on Monday, saying the disease's original name plays into "racist and stigmatizing language."

 

Examples

1. The World Health Organization on Wednesday declared the ongoing mpox outbreak in Africa a global health emergency, the highest level of alarm under international health law.
2. “It was unanimous that the current outbreak of mpox, upsurge of mpox, is an extraordinary event,” said Dimie Ogoina, chair of WHO’s emergency committee. 
3. “What we have in Africa is the tip of the iceberg. … We are not recognizing, or we don’t have the full picture of, this burden of mpox.”
4. Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease related to the now-eradicated smallpox virus.
5. Jean Claude Udahemuka, from the University of Rwanda, said last month that Clade 1b is "undoubtedly the most dangerous so far of all the known strains of mpox".

   

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Question of the Day #1142

What Is Doomscrolling, and How Do You Stop?

From the 1st paragraph of this article at Health.com.

  上記の文で、doomscrollingの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "doomscrolling" mean?

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Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

 

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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

【名】
ドゥーム・スクロール◆インターネットで悪い［悲観的な］ニュースや情報ばかりを検索する［読み続ける］こと。◆【対】joyscroll ; joyscrolling

   

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

to spend excessive time online scrolling...through news or other content that makes one feel sad, anxious, angry, etc.

 

Examples

1. Twitter encourages taking a pause by asking users if they want to read an article before hitting the retweet button. But it can be a difficult thing to do, considering how quick social media interactions can be—during a five-minute break from work or a late-night doomscroll. —Adithi Ramakrishnan
2. … stop doomscrolling. You don't need to know every detail of every tragedy. And you certainly don't need to see what all those strangers on the internet think about it. —Ryan J. Rusak
3. For the past two months I've spent big chunks of my day doomscrolling through bad news and preprint studies about mask effectiveness and virus transmission. —Charlie Warzel
4. Experts warn that doomscrolling can be harmful to your mental health.
5. Doomscrolling for two hours every night won't stop the apocalypse.

   

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Question of the Day #1141

If you get hit by a truck, you can claim compensation. But if you are injured and mentally scarred in a plane crash, tough cookies.

From the lede of this article at Crikey.

  上記の文で、tough cookiesの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "tough cookies" mean?

  答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

 

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解答

意味：
このイディオムは、Question of the Day #1139と同じようで確かにそのイディオムの複数形の場合があります。ただ、その他に下記の全然違う意味もあります。 The Free Dictionaryによると、

間投詞として相手の状況や考えに同情できない時をあらわします。

  また、Wiktionaryによると、

（話している相手に対して）残念・望んでいる結果になりそうもない

の意味もあります。
「残念だね。でも、私には関係ない。」のニュアンスです。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

An interjection indicating that one has no sympathy for the situation another person is in or how that person feels about it.

  Also, according to Wiktionary it can mean

(idiomatic, informal) Too bad (for one); the outcome that one desires is not likely to change.

 

Examples

1. Sam: "When you said I'd be getting a car for my birthday, I didn't think it would be some beat-up old van like this!" Dad: "Well, tough cookies! You should be thankful to have a car at all!"
2. A: "Ugh, I feel so horrible this morning." B: "Tough cookies. If you want to drink yourself silly, then that's the price you pay."
3. If you say “tough cookies” to someone who’s endured some bad luck, perhaps, or suffered some sort of setback, you’re showing no compassion for that person or for the situation.
4. The English language is constantly evolving. Oxford Dictionaries famously updates its book four times a year, and once a word is added to the dictionary, it can never be removed. That means it's a hard world out there for a new word. Unless linguistic experts can verify that a term has genuinely entered the language, it's tough cookies.

   

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Question of the Day #1140

“It’s nothing firm. But they said, ‘Hey can you stay frosty on this?’ — like a Navy Seals thing — ‘because we’d love to talk to you about it,’” Tesh said.

From the last paragraph of this article at the New York Post.

  上記の文で、stay frostyの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "stay frosty" mean?

  答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

 

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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

1. 〈俗〉〔動乱などの中で〕冷静さを保つ、動じないでいる◆主に命令文で。
2. 〈俗〉元気である◆命令文で「じゃあ（元気で）ね」という別れの挨拶として用いる。◆【類】Stay cool.

   

Answer

According to Wiktionary:

1. (military, slang) To be alert and ready for action, without letting one's fear or other emotions get in the way.
2. (slang) To keep one's cool.

 

語源

Wiktionaryによると、

もともと軍人が使用したスラング。おそらくkeeping one's cool（冷静でいるように）の意味で使用されていたが、危険な状況で特に注意しなければならないことを強調した。

 

Etymology

According to Wiktionary:

Originally military slang, probably as a reference to keeping one's cool, but with extra emphasis because of the need to stay alert in dangerous situations.

   

Examples

1. 1986, 'Corporal Hicks', Aliens (movie): We're all in strung out shape, but stay frosty, and alert.
2. 2007, Sean Michael Flynn, The Fighting 69th: From Ground Zero to Baghdad: He and a small group of other loyalists stayed frosty and refused to let the unit die.
3. 2009, Gregory H. Wahl, Charles A. Bobbitt, It Didn't Play in Peoria: In other words, be aware—stay frosty.
4. “Alright, I’m heading out. Stay Frosty guys.”
5. “Stay frosty team. I used to eat punks like this for breakfast.”

   

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Question of the Day #1139

She’s a tough cookie – Jodie Burrage backed to bounce back from nightmare debut

From the headline of this article at the Independent.

  上記の文で、tough cookieの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "tough cookie" mean?

  答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

 

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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

〈主に米俗〉〔肉体的にも精神的にも強い〕タフな［不屈の・手ごわい・したたかな・意志の強い］人

   

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

a person who is physically and emotionally strong

 

語源

英辞郎によると、

【語源】かみ砕けないほど硬くなったクッキーのイメージから

 

Etymology

According to Idiomic.com:

The first appearance of the now standard ‘tough cookie‘ is just after the end of World War II, but how the ‘tough’ became welded to the baked good is unknown. Also unclear is how the term then came to describe both sexes when it had previously been only applied to women.

   

Examples

1. Chet Hanks, on the other hand, was a tough cookie. —Marlow Stern, Rolling Stone, 14 Mar. 2023
2. He said his wife is a tough cookie, a breast cancer survivor who battled the disease for nearly ten years.
3. And let me tell you something, he's one tough cookie—so be prepared.
4. You have to be a pretty tough cookie to have qualified as a lawyer while raising a family.
5. In a male-dominated field, sometimes I don't get taken seriously. But I'm a tough cookie and the guys quickly learn not to judge me on the way I look.

   

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Question of the Day #1138

US spy agency, the National Reconnaissance Office, has been celebrating the “Antipodean Adventure”, which features a crocodile, a rocket and an eagle on its logo.

From the 4th paragraph of this article at The Guardian.

  上記の文で、antipodeanの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "antipodean" mean?

  答えは、コメントに書いてください。
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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

 

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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

【形】
対蹠地の
【名】
対蹠地に住む人

となっていますが、この「対蹠地」はイギリスからの場合です。すなわち、オーストラリアとニュージーランドを指しますので下記英語の定義になります。
また、この単語の発音はちょっと難しいので、下記英語のリンク先で確認してください。（音声もあります。）

 

Answer

According to the Cambridge Dictionary:

Adjective
coming from or relating to Australia or New Zealand
noun
A person from Australia or New Zealand

 

Examples

1. The director has been compared to acclaimed Antipodean auteurs Jane Campion and Gillian Armstrong.
2. They commemorate Anzac Day, the day Antipodean soldiers fell en masse at Gallipoli in World War I.
3. This New Zealand winery produces some of the best antipodean wines.
4. Perkins's earlier fiction (stories of antipodean youth and material culture) was both celebratory and satirical, scathing but full of bounce. Times, Sunday Times (2008)
5. One can only assume that an inch-long European cockroach is of little concern to a woman accustomed to antipodean spiders the size of dinner plates.

   

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Question of the Day #1137

COMMENTARY: ‘This is our home, come hell or high water’

From the headline of this article at the Salt Wire.

  上記の文で、come hell or high waterの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "come hell or high water" mean?

  答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

 

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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

たとえ火の中水の中、どんな困難［試練］にも負けずに、何事があろうとも、何が何でも

私はあまり聞いたことがありませんが、by hell or high waterということもあります。

 

Answer

According to :

used to say that something will definitely happen or be done even though other events or situations might make it difficult

I haven't heard it much but, apparently, you can also say "by hell or high water."

 

Examples

1. I will be there on time, come hell or high water.
2. Come hell or high water, we will have this project finished on time!
3. By hell or high water, I am going to make it to your wedding!
4. Investors want to know if the team, come hell or high water, will persevere. —Drew Silverstein, Rolling Stone, 12 Jan. 2024
5. So come hell or high water, most Democrats and Republicans — including independents who lean toward those parties — are going to stick with their preferred party. —Geoffrey Skelley, ABC News, 31 Oct. 2023

   

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