Question of the Day #1210

A look at what DEI means amid Trump executive orders

From the headline of this article at ABC News.

  上記の文で、DEIとexecutive orderの意味は？
In the sentence above, what do "DEI" and "executive order" mean?

  答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

 

---

   

解答

意味：
近年頻繁に使用される頭字語なのに英辞郎やWeblio等になぜか掲載されていない。Diversity, equity, and inclusionの頭字語ですが、包括的かつ分かりやすく説明しているのが日立のサイトのページだと思いますので転載します。

DEIとはなにか。DEIを構成する「3つの要素」について、説明します。

Diversity（ダイバーシティ）とは「多様性」を意味し、個人や集団に存在するさまざまな違いのことです。年齢や性別、セクシャリティ（性的指向）、人種、国籍、民族、宗教、障がいなどの違いにかかわらず、すべての人にとって心地よい居場所があることを意味しています。

Equity（エクイティ）とは、公平な扱い、不均衡の調整を行う「公正性」を意味します。私たちは一人ひとりが異なるため、全員が能力を発揮するには、一人ひとりに合った環境を整えることが重要という考え方です。

Inclusion（インクルージョン）とは、一人ひとりの多様性が認められ、誰もが組織に貢献できるという「包括性」を意味します。グローバル化が進み、異なる文化背景を持つ同僚と働く機会が増える中、企業には多様な人財が活躍できる場を提供することが迫られています。

  英辞郎によると executive orderの意味は、

〈米〉大統領行政命令◆Executive Orderとも表記される。◆【略】EO

 

Answer

The Oxford Review explains DEI as follows:

The initials DEI stands for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion and might also be seen as DEI&E in some organisations and consultancies, which refers to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Equality.

The term ‘DEI’ has its roots in the social justice movements of the 1950’s and 60’s in the US and other countries like the UK. This was a period marked by a push for civil, equal rights and non-discrimination primarily based around the injustices being witnessed in those societies particularly around issues of race and gender inequalities such as segregation, voting, access to housing and other resources and other basic human rights.

These movements have gained increasing traction in recent years across societies in many countries particularly in the Western world. As a result of legislation in many countries enshrining human rights often focussing on equality, anti-discrimination and a recognition of the importance of diversity and inclusion in modern societies, DEI has, more recently, become the representation of all of those initiatives, especially in organisations [and] businesses.

  According to the American Bar Association an "executive order" is defined as follows:

One of the most common “presidential” documents in our modern government is an executive order. Every American president has issued at least one, totaling more than (as of this writing) 13,731 since George Washington took office in 1789. Media reports of “changes made by executive order,” or “executive orders to come” rarely explain what the document is, or other technical details, such as why, or how. They seem to be “instant law,” and, at times, steeped in controversy.

 

Examples

DEI

1. These three notions (diversity, equity, and inclusion) together represent "three closely linked values" which organizations seek to institutionalize through DEI frameworks.
2. DEI is most often used to describe certain training efforts, such as diversity training.
3. DEI has also been used to criticize and discredit high-ranking lawmakers and local officials.
4. The backlash against DEI may feel like a pendulum swing from 2020, when the nation faced a racial reckoning after Black father George Floyd was killed in Minneapolis by a White police officer.
5. Although the concepts may seem similar, affirmative action is different from DEI as it required federal contractors by executive order to treat applicants and employees equally based on race, color, religion and sex.

Executive order

1. “Executive Orders (EOs) are official documents … through which the President of the United States manages the operations of the Federal Government.”
2. The National Archives maintains a list of all Executive Orders indexed by Presidents, by Order number, and by subject.
3. Executive orders do not require any action by the Congress or state legislature to take effect, and the legislature cannot overturn it.
4. In lieu of lawmaking abilities, presidents historically have used executive orders to promote their policy agendas.
5. President Donald Trump issued a deluge of executive orders and directives on Monday evening, just hours after taking office.

   

このサイトが役に立つと思ったら、ぜひ英語に関心のある知り合いとシェアしてください。