番外編#1：米国会下院の諜報委員会の議長Adam Schiff議員の名スピーチ

先日のMueller特別捜査官の報告を受けて、共和党の議員はSchiff議長の辞任を求めたが、Schiff議長は素晴らしいスピーチで反論した。久しぶりに見た名スピーチです。

I say this to the President, and his defenders in Congress:

You may think it’s okay how Trump and his associates interacted with Russians during the campaign.

I don’t.

I think it’s immoral. I think it’s unethical. I think it’s unpatriotic. And yes, I think it’s corrupt. pic.twitter.com/nTdgRVfssQ

— Adam Schiff (@RepAdamSchiff) March 28, 2019

Question of the Day #351

"Bryce Harper responds to being voted MLB's 'most overrated' player"
From the headline of this article at USA Today.

上記の文で、overratedの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "overrated" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


過大評価された

反意語は、underratedです。

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

rated or valued too highly

Etymology/語源

Online Etymology Dictionaryによると、

1610年代から。動詞のover- + rateより。

According to Online Etymology Dictionary:

1610s, from over- + rate (v.).

Examples

• The reign of James I is under scrutiny again. For too long this king has been the victim of literary pastiche, deployed as a foil to the fleeing glory of the overratedElizabeth I. — J. A. Guy
• … Garrick had arranged for a member of the audience (a fellow actor), dressed as a Frenchified fop, to complain—as connoisseurs of French literary taste had complained for generations—that Shakespeare was vulgar, provincial, and overrated. — Jonathan Bate
• In my opinion, she's a hugely overrated singer.
• After seeing the award-winning movie, we decided it was overrated.
• The whole business of eating out in restaurants she considered a worryingly overrated activity.

Question of the Day #350

"Apple spotlights services with TV, gaming and credit card offerings"
From the headline of this article at Reuters.

上記の文で、spotlightの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "spotlight" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


～を目立たせる、～にスポットライトを浴びせる

とあって、決して間違っていないと思うけれども、「脚光を浴びせる」でいいのではないでしょうか。

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

1. to illuminate with a spotlight
2. to direct attention to

Etymology/語源

Online Etymology Dictionaryによると、

当初は、舞台用の装備の意。比喩的な使い方は、1916年より。動詞形は、1923年から。

According to Online Etymology Dictionary:

Originally a theatrical equipment; figurative sense is attested from 1916. The verb is attested by 1923.

Examples

• Special-interest groups are effective at spotlighting neglected issue.
• ‘the protest spotlighted the overcrowding in British prisons’
• The budget crisis also spotlighted a weakening American economy.
• ...a new book spotlighting female entrepreneurs. 
• The recent scandal served to spotlight the president’s privacy problems.

Question of the Day #349

"Democrats want to have their say on Mueller probe"
From the headline of this article at AP News.

上記の文で、have (a) say の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "have (a) say" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によるとhave a sayの訳は、


発言権がある、言いたいことを言う

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary "have a say (in something)" means:

To have an active and participatory role in making or influencing a decision about something

Examples

• The best thing aboutworking for a smaller company is that it finally feels like everyone has a say in how it should operate. 
• You've decided to move the family to Alaska for a new job? Don't I have a say in the matter?
•  We're all equals here, so everyoneshould have a say.
• I want to have a say in this matter.
• When he's 18, he'll begin to have a/some say in the running of the family business.

Question of the Day #348

"President Trump ratchets up attacks after George Conway questions his mental fitness, calling him 'husband from hell'"
From the headline of this article at ABC News.

上記の文で、ratchet upの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "ratchet up" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


〔徐々に〕上がる、増える

句自動詞と句他動詞の両方として使うことができます。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

1. To increase in speed, intensity, or force over several incremental degrees.
2. To cause something to increase in speed, intensity, or force over several incremental degrees. In this usage, a nounor pronoun can be used between "ratchet" and "up."

Examples

• Campaigns on both sides of thereferendum have been ratcheting up over the last few days. 
•  The film's tension ratchets up from beginning to end,leaving you on the edge of your seat by the time the credits roll. 
• Overuse of credit cards has ratcheted up consumer debt to unacceptable levels.
• The debate should ratchet up awareness of the problem among members of the general public.
• The government was accused of ratcheting up pressure on the health services.

Question of the Day #347

"New Zealand prime minister vows gun law changes after mass shooting, a novel idea for some Americans"
From the headline of this article at ABC News.

上記の文で、novel の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "novel" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 新しい種類の、新手の、奇抜な、いままでにない
2. 《医》〔ウイルスなどが〕新型の

答えは、当然1です。

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

1. new and not resembling something formerly known or used
2. original or striking especially in conception or style

Etymology/語源

Online Etymology Dictionaryによると、

15世紀初期から。ただし、1600年以前はそれほど使用されなかった。

According to Online Etymology Dictionary:

early 15c., but little used before 1600

Examples

• New technologies are posing novel problems.
• In a study reported today in Science Robotics, Hang and colleagues designed and 3D printed bird-like legs for a drone, providing a simple, novel, cheap approach to letting uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) perch. — John Wenz, Popular Mechanics, "Clever New Landing Gear Allow Drones To Set Down Like Birds or Bats," 13 Mar. 2019
• Celeste Ng’s best-selling 2017 novel Little Fires Everywhere will stream on Hulu later this year as a limited series starring Witherspoon and Kerry Washington. — Zoë Ghertner, Vogue, "Reese Witherspoon: Activist, Advocate, Hollywood’s Moral Compass," 10 Jan. 2019
• Keeping a sheep in the garden is a novel way of keeping the grass short!
• Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices.

Question of the Day #346

"New Zealand citizens open to gun reform after massacre"
From the headline of this article at AP News.

上記の文で、open to ~ の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "open to ~" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 《be ～》〔可能性などが～に〕開かれている
2. 《be ～》〔批判・非難などを〕受けやすい
3. 《be ～》〔新しい考えなどを〕進んで取り入れる［学ぼうとする］

この場合の訳は、当然3です。

Answer

According to the Collins Dictionary:

1. glad or willing to receive, discuss, etc.
2. liable to; subject to
3. available or accessible to or for

The correct definition in this case is 1, of course.

Examples

• You should really try to be more open to suggestions if you want to create the best product possible.
•  I'm open to any ideas as to the best way forward.
• The store owner was open to suggestions from her employees.
•  We are always open to new ideas.

Question of the Day #345

"Trump seeks a big premium from Japan and other allies hosting U.S. troops: Full cost plus 50% more"
From the headline of this article at the Japan Times.

上記の文で、premiumの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "premium" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 〔特に政府・役所からの〕賞、賞金、賞品、賞与（金）、褒章金
2. 保険料、保険の掛け金◆保険に加入した者（保険契約者）が保険会社に定期的に支払う金額
3. 〔通常の価格・料金・費用に加算される〕割増金（額）◆【同】additional fee; surcharge
4. 打歩◆為替や株などの手数料または割増金◆【同】agio
5. 〔販促用の〕景品
6. ハイオクガソリン
7. 〔徒弟から師匠への〕授業料、伝授料

ということなので、問題文の場合は3でしょう。

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

1. 1. a reward or recompense for a particular act
   2. a sum over and above a regular price paid chiefly as an inducement or incentive
   3. a sum in advance of or in addition to the nominal value of something
   4. something given free or at a reduced price with the purchase of a product or service
2. the consideration paid for a contract of insurance
3. a high value or a value in excess of that normally or usually expected

The answer in this case is obviously 1-1.

Examples

• We're willing to pay a premium for the best location.
• You usually pay a premium for organic meat and vegetables.
• These flats attract a premium because of their riverside location.
• Customers will be required to pay a premium for this extra service.
• The modified cars are available at a premium of five percent over the original price.

Question of the Day #344

"Special Counsel Robert Mueller is expected to soon wrap up his investigation into U.S. allegations that Moscow interfered in the U.S. political process...."
From the first sentence of the fourth paragaph of this article at Reuters.

上記の文で、wrap up の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "wrap up" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 包む、くるまる
2. 〔仕事などを〕完成させる、仕上げる
3. 〔会議・仕事などを〕終える、終わりにする、切り上げる
4. ～に決着をつける
5. 要約する、まとめる、まとめ上げる、仕上げる、締めくくる
6. 黙る、口をつぐむ
7. 真意を隠して表現する
8. 勝利を収める

訳の2〜5いずれでもいいと思いますが、１つ選べと言われたら3でしょうか？
また、下記の英語の定義をぜひ参照してください。日本語の訳にないものがあります。

Answer

According to MacMillan Dictionary:

1. [TRANSITIVE] same as wrap
2. [INTRANSITIVE/TRANSITIVE] to wear enough clothes to keep you warm
   a. [TRANSITIVE] to put warm clothes on a child
3. [INTRANSITIVE/TRANSITIVE] INFORMAL to finish something
4. [TRANSITIVE] INFORMAL to achieve something such as a victory or an agreement
5. be wrapped up in something to spend so much time doing something or thinking about it that you do not notice anything else

The answer is obviously definition 3.

Examples

• We ought to wrap up this meeting and get back to work.
• It’s getting late – let’s wrap it up.
• She wrapped up a deal just before she left on vacation.
• Defense ministers wrap up their meeting in Brussels today. 
• Seeing Sticht was keeping him from his golf game, and he hoped they could wrap it up quickly.

Question of the Day #343

"Trump budget will seek funds for border wall, Space Force"
From the headline of this article at ABC News.

上記の文で、Space Force の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "Space Force" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
RNN時事英語辞典によると、


宇宙軍

Answer

According to Space.com:

The United States Space Force is a newly proposed military branch that President Donald Trump announced during a meeting of the National Space Council on June 18, 2018. If the proposal is enacted, it will become the sixth armed forces branch, joining the Navy, Army, Marine Corps, Air Force and Coast Guard.

Examples

• U.S. President Donald Trump signed a directive to start the process of creating a new branch of the military dedicated to handling threats in space, the U.S. Space Force.
• In a speech at the Pentagon on Thursday, U.S. Vice President Mike Pence announced more details for a Space Force...
• The argument against a United States Space Force, at least at this time, is that creating it would be a massive reorganizational undertaking, complicating rather than enhancing America’s capability to fight a war in space in the near term.
• The first mission of a United States Space Force would be to protect American space-based assets against enemy attack and to strike at those of an enemy in time of war.
• Trump Wants to Create a Space Force. Here's What That Means

Question of the Day #342

"U.S., China 'on the cusp' of possible end to trade war: Pompeo"
From the headline of this article at .

上記の文で、on the cusp の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "on the cusp" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


～の最前線で、～の変わり目で

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

at the point when something is about to change to something else

Examples

• She is on the cusp of being a star.
• on the cusp between childhood and adolescence
• I am sitting on the cusp of middle age.
• The country was on the cusp of economic expansion.
• With plans to add another 100 staff by April, it is on the cusp of breaking into the big league.

Question of the Day #341

"UK, EU to hold more Brexit talks as May woos opposition"
From the headline of this article at AP News.

上記の文で、woo の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "woo" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 〈古〉〔女性に〕求婚する、求愛する
2. 〔同意などを〕求める、得ようとする
3. 〔～するよう人に〕せがむ、懇願する

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

1. to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with
2. to solicit or entreat especially with importunity
3. to seek to gain or bring about

Examples

• The store had a sale in an effort to woo new customers.
• The company must find creative ways to woo new employees.
• Part of Saks Fifth Avenue’s new plan to woo shoppers: $50,000 handbags. — Suzanne Kapner, WSJ, "Saks Turns Prime Space Into a Handbag Emporium," 5 Feb. 2019
• Ryan then had to lose 20 pounds of muscle during his Christmas vacation and shave off his older Noah beard to transform into the younger, fresh-faced Noah who wooed Allie on the ferris wheel. — Noelle Devoe, Seventeen, "16 Shocking Facts About "The Notebook" That Will Change How You See the Movie," 28 Nov. 2018
• Democrats set out to woo a national network of extremely wealthy donors who could support the new breakneck fundraisingpace.

Question of the Day #340

"Circus clown who ran for Congress dies in South Carolina"
From the headline of this article at ABC News.

上記の文で、run for ~ の意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "run for ~" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


～に立候補する

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

To attempt to become elected to a certain public position or office that is decided by a vote. 

Examples

• The CEO of the company announced that she is running for President of the United States.
• You should run for district attorney — you have the experience and credentials for it.
• He's running for mayor again this year.
• “I’m running for president because we need dreamers in Washington, but we also need to get things done,” Hickenlooper, 66, said in a video announcing his campaign.
  Washington Times Mar 4, 2019

• In elections last year, two Trump-like Republicans running for governor and senator lost to Democrats by blowout margins.
  
New York Times Mar 3, 2019

Question of the Day #339

"After Raising the Stakes for North Korea Summit, Trump Walks Away"
From the headline of this article at The Atlantic.

上記の文で、raise the stakesの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "raise the stakes" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、


1. 賭け金を上げる、賭けの度合いを高める
2. 〈比喩〉〔戦いに勝つなどの〕希望を膨らませる
3. 〈比喩〉リスク［危険性］を高める
4. 〈比喩〉さらに深く関わる［関与する］

この見出しの場合、2番目が適訳でしょう。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

To increase the level of risk and/or potential reward in a particular situation. "Stakes" refers to one's level of involvement.

Examples

• They really raised the stakes in the employee art contest—first place gets a week of paid vacation!
•  Let's raise the stakes, shall we? The loser can never set foot in this place again.
• the Libyan allegations raised the stakes in the propaganda war between Libya and the United States stake
• The bank robber decided to take a hostage in order to raise the stakes.