Question of the Day #747

Daniel Craig: 007 over and out

From the headline of this article at GMA News Online.

上記の文で、over and outの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "over and out" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

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解答

意味：
Weblioによると、

[無線交信で] 通信終わり!

ただし、無線交信のほかに会話等が終わったときに使うこともあります。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

Said to mark the end of communication between two people. Used especially in radio communication, in which it signals that a person is done speaking and does not expect a reply from the other person.

Examples

• That's all. Good day. over and out.
• Cassette player’s era was over and out when Compact Disk arrived in market.
• I don’t want to talk to crazy people anymore. Over and out.
• Welcome to the world of friends, where there is no over and out for quality time.
• A: "Oh, and while you're at the store, could you please get some milk, too?" B: "Sure thing. Over and out."

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Question of the Day #746

This topsy-turvy state of the law—and those who wield it as a cudgel to threaten researchers—is a weakness in U.S. national security.

From the 2nd paragraph of this article at Brookings.

上記の文で、topsy-turvyの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "topsy-turvy" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

1. 〈話〉〔位置・順序などが〕逆さまの、上下逆になった
2. 〈話〉〔事態・状態などが〕めちゃくちゃな、全く混乱した

例文の場合は、形容詞として使っているので、形容詞の訳を紹介していますが、この他に名詞と副詞としても使えますので、英辞郎のページを参照してください。

Answer

According to the Cambridge Dictionary:

confused, or lacking organization; upside down

Examples

• The government's topsy-turvy priorities mean that spending on education remains low.
• Things are so topsy-turvy at work these days.
• The world has turned topsy-turvy in my lifetime.
• The weather this month has turned topsy-turvy. Times, Sunday Times (2015)
• That the world has turned topsy-turvy is enough to cope with for the present. Times, Sunday Times (2014)

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Question of the Day #745

These components, together, lower the bar for citizen data scientists to reach their full potential.

From the last paragraph of this article at Analytics Insight.

上記の文で、lower the barの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "lower the bar" mean?

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明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
なぜか、このよく使用されるイディオムが英辞郎、Weblio等にはないが、このDMMの投稿に適訳がありました。

「lower the bar 」は「ハードルを下げる」の意味です。

また、逆の意味の「ハードルを上げる」は、raise the barになります。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

To lower the standards of quality that are expected of or required for something.

語源

日本語の「ハードルを上げる」は陸上競技から来ていますが、このイディオムもそうです。具体的には、走り高跳びや棒高跳びから来ています。The Idiomsによると、

このイディオムは、棒高跳びや走り高跳びからきている。その両競技では、新しい高さの記録を出して競技を盛り上げるためには、バーを上げるからです。

Etymology

According to The Idioms,

It is originally from the area of pole vault and high jump, where it is necessary to raise the bar after each jump to reach a new height record and increase the competition.

Examples

• The revision bill aims to lower the bar on picking candidates.
• She was not ready to lower the bar of expectation just yet.
• The company has lowered the bar for new candidates to fill vacant positions.
• Soaring rents have really lowered the bar for where people are willing to live these days.
• During the economic boom, regulators lowered the bar for investment bankers' accountability.

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Question of the Day #744

No matter where you stand, you’ll never see my point of view if you can’t or refuse to see that cut-and-dried, either-or matters are rare.

From the 4th paragraph of this article at the Poughkeepsie Journal.

上記の文で、cut-and-driedの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "cut-and-dried" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

1. 事前に準備された、あらかじめ決まっている
2. 〔考え・演説などが〕新鮮味［生気・独創性］のない、決まりきった、型にはまった、ありふれた

とありますが、ハイフォンで繋がってないcut and driedを

〈比喩〉〔言葉などが〕あらかじめ用意された、〔考え・意見などが〕月並みな

としています。
しかしながら、実際の違いはcut-and-driedは名詞の前につける形容詞として使うぐらいです。意味としては、下記Cambridge Dictionaryの英語の定義の方がわかりやすいのではないかと思います。
問題文の場合は、下記Cambridge Dictionaryの二番目の定義になります。

Answer

According to the Cambridge Dictionary:

1. already decided and unlikely to be changed
2. simple and easy to understand

Examples

• The coursework is cut and dried, so don't even think about coming to me in pursuit of extra credit.
• There are no cut-and-dried solutions here. We need to come up with something.
• Certainly, these are difficult questions which do not have cut and dried answers.
• We are not dealing with something that is cut and dried or traditional.
• Everything must be cut and dried: we must know exactly what this or that soldier will do when we go to war.

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Question of the Day #743

Current president Joe Biden has recently rejoined, so while the United States can’t necessarily be judged on keeping the promises signed in 2015, the dozens of other countries that signed the agreement are in the hot seat.

From the 5th paragraph of this article at The Miami Student.

上記の文で、in the hot seatの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "in the hot seat" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

《be ～》苦しい［不安な・難しい］立場にある

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

In a position in which one must face intense questioning, criticism, punishment, or scrutiny.

Examples

• We are not the ones in the hot seat when it comes to taking initiatives.
• By that time, who knows who will be in the hot seat? Times, Sunday Times (2017)
• The club was formed in 1900 and since 1902 they have had only seven managers. Syd King was the longest-serving with 30 years in the hot seat from 1902.
• You can bet you'll be on the hot seat if the boss gets wind of this.
• The director will be in the hot seat today when he's called before the congressional committee to answer for the recent scandal.

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Question of the Day #742

We caught up with the media darling to find out what makes her tick.

From the 1st paragraph of this article at Sowetan Live.

上記の文で、media darlingの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "media darling" mean?

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Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

【形】メディアお気に入りの

英辞郎には、ハイフォンを使った形容詞としか掲載されていませんが、英語のサイトでは形容詞として扱っているものが見当たりません。
基本的に名詞形です。意味としては、「人気の高い人物でとくにメディアが好意的に取り上げることが多い人」の意。
「メディアのお気に入りの人・歌手・役者・政治家等」ぐらいが適訳でしょう。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

A very famous and popular person who receives exceptionally positive media coverage or attention.

Examples

• Notable media darlings: Jennifer Aniston, Sandra Bullock, Reese Witherspoon, Emma Stone, Beyoncé, Lauren Conrad, Kristen Bell, and Mila Kunis.
• That Kristen Bell is a real media darling!
• Ever since the election season began, the presidential hopeful has become quite the liberal media darling.
• The rising star has captured the world with her talent and beauty, becoming one of the biggest media darlings of recent times.
• Elon Musk has lost his cool. And the tale of his transformation from media darling into spurned lover out to make the press pay encapsulates a key part of the Silicon Valley mindset.

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Question of the Day #741

Even when watching it alone in your living room, bits like Thor arriving at the battle of Wakanda in the nick of time still make you wanna cheer.

From the description in "7. Avengers: Infinity War" from this article at Collider.com.

上記の文で、in the nick of timeの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "in the nick of time" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

ギリギリ間に合って、間一髪（のところ）で、際どい時に、いよいよという時に、危うい［すんでの・あわやという］ところで

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

just before the last moment when something can be changed or something bad will happen

Examples

• He decided to go just in the nick of time.
• The ambulance arrived in the nick of time.
• We got there just in the nick of time.
• But now, in the nick of time, the political will is there.
• That car moved off the track in the nick of time—another moment and the train would have smashed into it.

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Question of the Day #740

‘What’s the word? It’s on the tip of my tongue’

From the caption of the photo of this article at The Guardian.

上記の文で、on the tip of one's tongueの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "on the tip of one's tongue" mean?

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Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

〔思いだそうとしている名前・言葉などが〕口先［のど］まで出かかって

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

Almost able to be recalled.

Examples

• Her name is on the tip of my tongue. Just give me a minute, I'll remember it.
• I had the answer on the tip of my tongue, but couldn't think of it in time.
• Wait – it’s on the tip of my tongue – her name is Fiona.
• I know the answer to this question. No, no, don't tell me. Oh, it's on the tip of my tongue.
• What's the quickest way to remember a name that's on the tip of your tongue, but you just can't recall?

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Question of the Day #739

Kirby, whether he’ll say so or not, supplied much of the elbow grease, know-how and spirit required to make a restaurant/pub live past the stereotypical 6-9 month shelf life of such establishments.

From the 13th paragraph of this article at the Winston-Salem Journal.

上記の文で、elbow greaseの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "elbow grease" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

〈話〉〔肉体的に〕きつい仕事、〔肉体的な〕ハードワーク

ただし、下記の英語の定義では、

• 一般的に、何かをきれいにするために激しくこすったり、磨いたりする行為［注：下記例文1と2参照］
• 上記の定義の比喩的な使い方として、何かを達成するために必要とされる非常に骨が折れる努力が必要な肉体労働

となるので、英辞郎の訳より深い意味があります。

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

1. Vigorous scrubbing, typically to clean something.
2. By extension, any strenuous, effortful physical work needed to do or accomplish something.

語源

Quick and Dirty Tips,

によると、

Elbow greaseという表現は1672年に初めて使用され、1699年のスラング辞書では汗をばかにした表現としている。

Etymology

According to Quick and Dirty Tips,

The term elbow grease was first used in 1672; a 1699 dictionary of slang called it “a derisive word for sweat.”

Examples

• You'll never get that rust off without some elbow grease.
• More elbow grease was applied to the scouring of a pot than, probably, to any other household task.
• I know we're running out of time, but if we all use a bit of elbow grease, I think we'll be able to get the house built before the deadline.
• What we need is skilled and energetic planning and elbow grease.
• Increased productivity per head of the population in this country rests on many things other than human sweat and elbow grease.

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Question of the Day #738

They will miss meetings, habitually neglect doing assigned work and get into hot water with the boss.

From the 4th paragraph of the 6th section of this article at Scientific American.

上記の文で、get into hot waterの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "get into hot water" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

〈比喩〉厄介なことになる、苦境［窮地］に陥る、ひどい目に遭う、ひどく叱られる

Answer

According to The Free Dictionary:

To provoke or incite anger, hostility, or punishment against oneself; to cause or encounter trouble or difficulty, especially that which will result in punishment or reprisal.

Examples

• I got into a bit of hot water with Janice last night when she found out I'd been drinking all night.
• The senator has gotten into hot water with constituents over his callous remarks.
• “The beloved actress found herself in hot water today when she attempted to shoplift an item from a department store.”
• “You better be careful who you talk to about this or you’ll get yourself into hot water.”
• I could get into hot water for skipping school, but let’s just hope my parents don’t find out.

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Question of the Day #737

Put away your scaredy-cat shirt, and take in frights and sights of the Halloween season.

From the 1st paragraph of this article at the Journal Inquirer.

上記の文で、scaredy-catの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "scaredy-cat" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
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---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

〈話〉意気地なし、弱虫、臆病者

Answer

According to Merriam-Webster:

an unduly fearful person

Examples

• Come on, scaredy-cat - it won't bite you!
• So he is not a scaredy-cat. Times, Sunday Times (2018)
• I watch from my scaredy-cat corner. Times, Sunday Times (2015)
• Secondly, the closer I reach 40, the more “scaredy-cat” I become.
• This is not a book for wimps, and if you are a scaredy-cat, it will teach you how to grow claws.

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Question of the Day #736

It’s not for everybody, being president, male or female: you get there and then you’re in the firing line to be shot off.

From the 7th paragraph of this article at Music Week.

上記の文で、in the firing lineの意味は？
In the sentence above, what does "in the firing line" mean?

答えは、コメントに書いてください。
Write your answer in the Comments.

明日、ここに答えを書きます。
I will add the answer and other remarks here tomorrow.

---

解答

意味：
英辞郎によると、

《be ～》非難の的である

英辞郎のfiring lineの訳は、「火線、第一線、最前線、非難の的［対象］」となっていますが、私が思うところ最初の「火線」の意味は英語にないので（英語では、fire lineになる）、おそらく「射撃する列」と間違っているのでしょう。In the firing lineは、この「射撃する列」から来ているので、射撃する側も当然敵の射撃の対象になることから「非難の的である」という意訳になります。

Answer

According to The Cambridge Dictionary:

likely to be criticized, attacked, or got rid of

Examples

• He found himself in the firing line for his sexist remarks.
• As one of the president’s chief advisers, he’s bound to be in the firing line.
• I'm not going into the boss's office about that right now—I'm not ready to be in the firing line this early in the morning!
• Foreign banks are in the firing line too.
• These are the people who put themselves in the firing line as they take part in phone-in shows ready to answer any question that's thrown at them. The Sun (2016)

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